Israelis are marking three years since the Hamas-led attack of October 7, 2023, which killed about 1,200 people and saw 251 others taken hostage.
Memorial events are being held across Israel, with commemorations beginning with a nationwide minute of silence at 6:29 am local time — the moment the attacks began.
Mourners also gathered at the site of the Nova music festival in southern Israel, where more than 360 people were killed and dozens taken hostage during the assault.
Vigils and remembrance events have also been held in central London and other cities around the world as communities mark the anniversary.
The attack began when Hamas-led fighters breached Israel's border from Gaza, launching coordinated assaults on communities and the Nova festival.
Israel responded with a major military offensive in Gaza, which has killed more than 74,200 people, according to the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry.
The conflict has also drawn Israel into wider regional confrontations, including fighting involving Hezbollah in Lebanon and direct tensions with Iran.
Israel says its military operation remains focused on eliminating Hamas and preventing further attacks.
The humanitarian situation in Gaza remains severe, with large numbers of people displaced and living in temporary shelters.
Israel does not allow international news organisations, including the BBC, to report freely from inside Gaza, meaning much of the information from the territory is obtained through local journalists, officials and humanitarian organisations.
